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PDF Download Emergent Elites and Byzantium in the Balkans and East-Central Europe (Variorum Collected Studies Series), by Jonathan Shepard
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According to Byzantium's leaders, their imperial order anchored in Constantinople was the centre of excellence - spiritual, moral, material and aesthetic. They rewarded individuals willing to join, and favoured outside groupings prepared to cooperate militarily or politically. Interactions with outsiders varied over place and time, complicated by the sometimes differing priorities of Byzantine churchmen and monks on or beyond Byzantium's borders. These studies consider the dynamics of such interactions, notably the interrelationship between the Bulgarians and their Byzantine neighbour. The Bulgarians' reaction to Byzantium ranged from 'contrarianism' to the systematic adaptation of Byzantine religious orthodoxy, ideals of rulership and normative values after Khan Boris' acceptance of eastern Christianity. For their part, Byzantine rulers were readier to do business with their Bulgarian counterparts than official pronouncements let on, occasionally even adopting aspects of Bulgarian political culture. Byzantium's interrelationship with other ruling elites was less intensive, but the process of Christianisation and the need to format this in readily comprehensible terms could make even distant potentates look to the template of effective Christian sole rulership which Byzantium's rulers embodied. Hungarian and Rus leaders were of abiding geopolitical interest to imperial statecraft, and the studies here show how during the generations around 1000 Byzantine political imagery resonated throughout the region.
- Sales Rank: #6867853 in Books
- Published on: 2011-02-28
- Original language: English
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x 6.25" w x 1.25" l, 2.05 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 434 pages
Review
'Having read this book, the researcher will have a fresh understanding of the way in which the Emperor spread the Word of Christianity: with the zeal of a real Apostle (at least apparently), but doing it only upon the request of the potentate.' Byzantinoslavica
About the Author
Jonathan Shepard is a British historian specializing in early medieval Russia, the Caucasus, and the Byzantine Empire. Formerly University Lecturer in Russian History at the University of Cambridge, he is regarded as a leading authority in Byzantine studies and on the Kievan Rus.
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Byzantine Court (ca. 800 - ca. 1150): Manniera romana or `barbarian' behaviour?
By Elena Ene D-Vasilescu
Byzantine Court (ca. 800 - ca. 1150): Manniera romana or `barbarian' behaviour?
There are twelve studies in the book Emergent Elites and Byzantium in the Balkans and East-Central Europe by Jonathan Shepard. The author has put together this collection of texts which originally came out as chapters in volumes by a few prestigious publishers, among them some from Oxford, Cambridge and Farnham (Ashgate). Topics dealt with in this book might seem unrelated at first glance, but in addition to their focus on elites, another commonality is their concern with the situation in the Balkans and East-Central Europe during the Byzantine Empire - mainly in the period 800-1150. The titles range, among others, from "Spreading the Word: Byzantine Missions", "Byzantine writers on the Hungarians in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries", and "Tzetzes' Letter to Leo at Dristra", to the last one, "Manners maketh Romans? Young barbarians at the emperor's court". In them the elites' rules and norms for their subjects as well as their own rites and claims of moral or religious nature are considered and also the interpretations and uses external potentates made of crafted goods they received from the Byzantine Emperor or which they supposed to come from Byzantium. A part of the `mystique' of the Court was due to the gifts and favours that constituted exercises in generosity; they kept up "the appearances of God-given hegemony and world-order" and that of the emperor displaying a "love of mankind (philantropia) and other such benign qualities worthy of Christ Himself." The significance of verbal communications and ceremonial exchanges is analysed from the perspectives of all the parties involved within the limits set by the insufficiency of the evidence and by the fact that the government in Constantinople conducted an ambivalent policy with respect to their neighbours, and (as we know from the Byzantine history), towards some of their own institutions, as for example, the Church.
Having read this book, the researcher will have a fresh understanding of the way in which the Emperor spread the Word of Christianity: with the zeal of a real Apostle (at least apparently), but doing it only upon the request of the potentate. Moreover, he invariably attached a string in that the latter was always reminded (in the protocol, correspondence, etc.) of his debt to and moral dependence on the basileus. Khan Boris of Bulgaria, who became Michael (after the emperor of the day, Michael III) in 864 and Princess Olga of Russia, who, in 957, took the name Helena- that of the wife of her godfather, Constantine VIII's, converted to Christianity under these circumstances. The reader will find out also, among other realities, what was common to Theophano and Maria Lekapena's marriages. The answer to this is that both foreign ladies married representatives of the Byzantine family, Maria being the first. He/she will found out that Marias' was not a `too far' union (as the title of the article - `A Marriage too far? Maria Lekapena and Peter of Bulgaris' - asks). The iconography on seals and coins and the palaeography of the time showed that the these ruling spouses were many sometimes represented as equals, even thought this has not completely convinced Shepard that Maria had a lasting impact of the relationships between Byzantium and Bulgaria. The history seems to prove him right since, just a few years after the Empress' death, the two states were again at war. What is certain is that this dynastic marriage brought peace that lasted for about four decades and established strong personal relations, which is no little achievement. The reader might also find out about the role of Orthodoxy in the game of power and how it happened, for example, that the Poles turned to Catholicism while the Russians towards Orthodoxy at about the same time, around 1000. From another study in the book the reader will learn what Theoderic the Ostrogoth, Symeon of Bulgaria, and Stefan Dusan of Serbia had in common: the three of them spent a part of their early years in Constantinople. This informed the style of governance they adopted and had an impact on their personalities and actions for the rest of their respective lives; their reigns were different nevertheless, due to the specific geographical and political conditions in which their state formations evolved.
The author has the merit of updating in the book the research results contained in his studies, which were written some time ago. For example, in Study VIII he showcases the fact that the object which was, at the time of writing that study, thought by some scholars (for example, Deér) to be a set of enamel plaques of Byzantine imperial production, not initially attached to any crown (but, at best, embellishing a chest or a similar item), proved, in the light of the newest discoveries, to have been actually a real crown made for the Byzantine-born bride whom Michael VII sent to wed Géza in, most probably, the earlier 1070s. It was intended to convey the idea of the emperor's superiority in his relationship with his potentates, even when solemnising one of their (Géza's) regimes. After the death of the latter, the jewel underwent changes and became the symbol of Hungarian royal authority and cultural-political identity.
Throughout the book the issues of identity and also of authority and loyalty surface, showing how these are brought about by the existence and exchange of such objects as exemplified above, through trade, letters and people (the latter as `spiritual children', wives, temporary guests, visitors, etc.). The Balkan and east-central European leaders of ca. 800 - ca. 1150 were caught between the natural tendency of self-determination & defining themselves and the often acute influence of the powers of the day. `Emergent elites...' reveals this situation and reflects upon its many aspects.
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